Implementation And Evaluation Of Supply Chain Management

IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT WITHIN WAL MART CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1- SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT – DEFINITION 2- REQUIRED PLANNING FOR THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLANTATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 3- IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT WITHIN WAL MART 3-1 Procurement and Distribution 3-2 Logistics Management 3-3 Inventory Management 3-4 The Reaped Benefits CONCLUSION REFERENCES INTRODUCTION Wal Mart is considered one of the largest private sectors in the entire world, with employees’ strength of around 2 million. Wal Mart was able to achieve its leadership status, based the retain industry, simply because of its implementation of the technique of Supply Chain Management. This paper sheds the light on the concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM), while analyzing the case of Wal Mart and its successful implementation of such critical concept. 1- SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT – DEFINITION Wisner and Choon (2000) defined Supply Chain Management (SCM) as an integration of the physical and the logistics distribution activities, in particular by the efforts of the retailers, manufacturers, and wholesalers to such effectively integrate buying and supplying with other functions in the organization. Notwithstanding, no general definition of SCM has been neither accepted, nor general understanding regarding such way by which supply chain management might influence on the organizational characteristics and practices. Inventory,Show MoreRelatedThe Supply Chain Management Process1732 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The processes involved in the supply chain are very critical to the business organization. It is therefore very central and critical for the organization to make sure that it is operating or running a supply chain process that is very practical, efficient and sustainable as well as those that are simple to implement in terms of the operational costs. Sustainability means that the company is operating on renewable resources, no environmental pollution, generates products that meet theRead MoreEssay on Loren Inc770 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study Format Program: Supply Chain Management Extension Certificate Case Study Format Methodology You must use this format to prepare your case study analysis and recommendations for course assignments. Organization Background This section provides the context for the issue / organization being examined. It is necessary and important that the class be given a feel for the type of organization and industry being examined, the marketplace in which that industry operates, and the overallRead MoreBlozis Company1358 Words   |  6 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP PROGRAM Module Two Procurement and Supply Management Blozis Company Case Stu September 28, 2012 Table of Content Executive Summary Page Part 1 Executive Summary 2 Issue Identification Part 3 Immediate Issue 3 Part 4 Systematic Issue 3 Environmental amp; Root Cause Analysis Part 5 Qualitative Analysis 4 Alternatives Part 6 Alternatives 5 Recommendations Read MoreMarketing Strategy Concepts, Methodology, And Theory1350 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategy in below table 2-1. These definitions include all the steps of marketing steps, from market analysis, strategic marketing plan, to marketing implementation and evaluation. Table 2-1 Elements of Marketing Strategy Selection of target markets and segments Determination of how to compete Selection of marketing mix Implementation and evaluation Source (Baines P. et al (2011 a )) This definition is more useful and applicable in practice. So, we clarify our research boundary of this project accordingRead MoreNikes New Supply Chain Project1186 Words   |  5 PagesNikes New Supply Chain Project Introduction: Nikes Value Chain and Competitive Forces In 1984, Nike owned just 16% of the athletic-shoe market, and for much of the 1980s it was running neck-and-neck with Reebok (Wilson 1). Now, with somewhere between 43-47% of that market, Nike is the undisputed leader. However, things are not perfect with the company. In the late 1990s, Nike began to see the results of many unresolved issues concerning competitive forces exterior to the company and a valueRead MoreManaging Supply Chain And Operations : An Integrative Approach1363 Words   |  6 PagesFoster, T., Sampson, S., Wallin, C., Webb, S. (2015). Managing supply Chain and Operations: An Integrative Approach. New York, NY: Pearson. All four authors are a professor of global supply chain management at Brigham Young University. The whole book is focused on the key functions of supply chain, operations, and customer relationship management with the special focus on the areas of improvement, innovation, and integration. We took a close look at the section called â€Å"Providing Feedback: The SupplierRead MoreE Procurement System : Information Technology Based System1384 Words   |  6 Pagesinput end of the supply chain. These systems have been increasingly connected and embedded with other infrastructures to initiate growth of the companies. Due to which, they have become an integral part of the supply chain management. E-procurement system can improve the effectiveness of operation processes and transparency of supply chain since it helps to improve the efficiency of value creation. E-procurement has four functions: e-design, e-sourcing, e-negotiation, and e-evaluation. E-design refersRead MoreSupply Chain Management : An Integral Component Of The Cornerstone Furniture1103 Words   |  5 PagesSupply Chain Management OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNOLOGY The supply chain is an integral component of the Cornerstone Furniture, LLC business, including product, information, and finances. This vast and integral component of the business requires a management system that can gather data and turn it into meaningful use to allow the Cornerstone Furniture executive team to make informed choices regarding product, sales, and customer satisfaction. Supply chain management (SCM), â€Å"is the focus on the flowRead MoreSustainable Supply Chain986 Words   |  4 Pageslogistics and closed-loop supply chain in sustainability Implementation Manufacturing Strategy | AbstractIn this interim report, motive for doing this topic has been discussed and further, the methodology which will be used to reach the conclusion is also been mentioned. Finally, expected takeaway are also been highlighted. Kuldeep Jain - 1401083 Term Paper – Interim Report | Role of reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain in sustainability Implementation Manufacturing Strategy Read MoreSupply Chain Management1730 Words   |  7 PagesSTARBUCKS IT SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT This is a case that illustrates several facets at once: Globalization Rapid Expansion, Supply Chain Management, ERP Implementation, and IT Infrastructure. This case takes place in 1997. Introduction You have to admire the enthusiasm of Starbucks employees. Store managers have been known to stuff sacks of coffee beans into their cars and race over to help out other stores running low. Exceptional customer service, but certainly no way to run a business

Weathering Defined and Explained

Weathering is the gradual destruction of rock under surface conditions, dissolving it, wearing it away or breaking it down into progressively smaller pieces. Think of the Grand Canyon or the red rock formations scattered across the American Southwest.  It  may involve physical processes, called mechanical weathering, or chemical activity, called chemical weathering.  Some geologists  also include the actions of living things, or organic weathering. These organic weathering forces can be classified  as mechanical or chemical or a combination of both. Mechanical Weathering   Mechanical weathering involves five major  processes that physically  break rocks down into sediment or particles: abrasion, crystallization of ice, thermal fracture, hydration shattering, and exfoliation. Abrasion occurs from grinding against other rock particles. Crystallization of ice can result in force sufficient enough to fracture rock. Thermal fracture may occur due to significant temperature changes. Hydration -- the effect of water -- predominantly affects clay minerals. Exfoliation occurs when rock is unearthed after its formation.   Mechanical weathering does not just affect the earth. It can also affect some brick and stone buildings over time.   Chemical Weathering Chemical weathering involves the  decomposition or decay of rock. This type of  weathering doesnt break rocks down but rather alters its chemical composition through carbonation, hydration, oxidation or hydrolysis. Chemical weathering changes the composition of the rock toward surface minerals and mostly affects minerals that were unstable in the first place.  For example, water can eventually dissolve limestone. Chemical weathering  can occur in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and it  is an element of chemical erosion.   Organic Weathering   Organic weathering is sometimes called bioweathering or biological weathering. It involves factors such as contact with animals—when they dig in the dirt—and plants when their growing roots contact rock. Plant acids can also  contribute to  the dissolution of rock.   Organic weathering isnt a process that stands alone. Its a combination of mechanical weathering factors and chemical weathering factors.   The Result of Weathering   Weathering can range from a change in color all the way to a  complete breakdown of minerals into clay and other surface minerals. It  creates deposits of altered and loosened material  called residue  that is ready to undergo transportation,  moving across the earths surface when propelled by water, wind, ice or gravity  and thus becoming  eroded. Erosion means weathering plus transportation at the same time. Weathering is necessary for erosion, but a rock may weather without undergoing erosion.

Iliad and Odyssey - 1825 Words

The views and beliefs of societies are often portrayed in the literature, art, and cinema of a certain era. The epic poems, The Iliad and Odyssey, give scholars and historians an idea how the Ancient Greek lived their everyday lives. By reading the two novels, the reader is able to experience the three thousand years old society of Homer. The various similarities between our society and the societies depicted in the Iliad and the Odyssey are surprising profuse. To name a few: the superfluous violence in Iliad and Odyssey, the characterization of Odysseus, the obscure use of narcotics, the similarities between Catholicism and certain stories of the Odyssey, and the role of pets and animals. Despite the numerous similarities,†¦show more content†¦The first time that I noticed the use of narcotics in the Odyssey, was in the country of the Lotus-Eaters. The inhabitants of this country were nice but somewhat odd. They had a bizarre plant that when eaten by seamen; it would quickly cause memory loss and laziness. In our society, there are countless drugs that effect your memory and our will to survive. Usually the people that are using them are nice but somewhat odd. In the homeland of Circe, many of men were turned into swine by the magical wand of Circe. Odysseus survived because he had a mysterious herb called moly, which he received from Hermes. The similarity between the beliefs of Catholicism, the Bible and the Wandering of Odysseus. I believe, as do many other scholars and student that Odysseus s encounter with the Sirens as the first series of tests which he must pass to demonstrate that he is worthy of the rebirth that he has gone through and the exalted vision he will be granted when he arrives at the Land of Phaeacians. I do not know much about the Catholic religion, but the concept of confessing your sins and then being cleared of them seems like the tests that Odysseus went through. In book XII, Odysseus experiences the tempt ation, the crime, and the punishment; a strong resemblance to the story of Adam and Eve. When Odysseus and his men land on the island where Hyperion, the sun God, keptShow MoreRelatedThe Iliad And The Odyssey1060 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Hateful to me as the gates of Hades is that man who hides one thing in his heart and speaks another.† (The Iliad pg.405) The quote is relevant to the stories Homer created during the period of the Trojan War. Homer orally performed two of his best works The Iliad and The Odyssey. Homer’s stories are old and probably translated differently than their original telling. Homer’s The Iliad and The Odyssey still show the basic human emotions and are an inspiration to other authors, poets, and oral presentersRead MoreThe Iliad and the Odyssey1510 Words   |  7 Pages The Iliad and the Odyssey are two classic stories told by Homer. Within these two stories the roles of the gods are very important to the story line and how they a ffect the characters throughout. In the Iliad, more gods are involved with the characters whereas in the Odyssey there are only two major gods that affect two major characters. The roles of the gods in the Iliad are through two different stances of immortal versus immortal and mortal versus immortal. The roles of the gods in the OdysseyRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1317 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout The Iliad and The Odyssey, both Achilles and Odysseus go through intense acts of heroism, internal and external hardships, and fluctuations in confidence. During the epic, The Odyssey, the main character, Odysseus, has to endure many hardships which show. He has to show tremendous amounts of heroism and confidence just to keep his crew and himself alive. He has to rival and face many gods that despise him along with many humans. This theme can also be reflected from Homer’s The Iliad, where theRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1297 Words   |  6 Pages2. The Iliad and the Odyssey were written by a poet or poets known as Homer. They were stories written about heroes in Mycenaeans times. Homer focused on one important event to base the stories after, the Trojan War. The story was about Paris Prince of Troy, taking Helen of Sparta from her husband. A war started to get Helen back to her husband because her husbands honor was hurt. The story told in the Odyssey is one of the king of Ithaca trying to return to his wife and son after being gone forRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey977 Words   |  4 Pagesplot or storyline, or the theme of the myth. Homer’s The Iliad and The Odyssey are two prime examples of this. Within both epics, the gods constantly intervene in the lives and situations of the characters, molding them to the desired outcome. Without the influence of the gods in either of the epics, however, the ending might have been very different. There was a great deal more divine intervention in The Iliad in comparison to The Odyssey, however, as there were more godly characters in that textRead MoreThe Odyssey And The Iliad1060 Words   |  5 PagesHomer was one of the first great authors in Western culture. He was known for creating the two Greek epics The Odyssey and The Iliad, which. The Odyssey tells of the ten-year journey by Odysseus to Ithica from Troy to be reunited with his beloved wife. The Odyssey was written in a with illustrative language. The Iliad was written in a. It depicted the end of the Trojan War and the siege of Troy. This event occurred centuries before Homer was assumed to have been born. Although both epics were writtenRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1599 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Iliad and The Odyssey, Homer has different portrayals of the roles that women play in each epic. These d ifferences are so striking that some readers have even argued that there is a possibility that a woman could have created The Odyssey, modeled after Homer’s Iliad. In The Iliad we see women represented as war prizes and slaves, vulnerabilities to men, and in positions of limited power. In The Odyssey however, we see women capturing men and keeping them as prizes, rising from a status ofRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1657 Words   |  7 Pagesduring the Greek Dark Ages was Homer, who I believe was the most influential writer of his time, and a writer who had truly made an impact on the evolution of Greek Culture following the Dark Ages. Two of Homer’s most famous poems were the Iliad and the Odyssey, which were Ancient Greek epic poems which covered a couple of weeks during the Trojan War. Although there were plenty of influential authors inspired by the Trojan war, Homer was by far the most influential; Nevertheless, This paper arguesRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odys sey1730 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said â€Å"In youth and beauty, wisdom is but rare!† a very relatable quote to the story of the Iliad. But who exactly is Homer? For starters, Homer was a poet who lived from 800 B.C.E and died in 701 B.C.E. He was from Greece, and to be specific he had lived somewhere along the coast of Asia Minor according to biography.com. Also, he is most famous for his epic poems which were The Iliad and The Odyssey. Now as for whether he truly existed or not is still quite a mystery. Some scholars â€Å"believe himRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1498 Words   |  6 PagesAn Influential Poem The Iliad is a poem that provides important stories with insight into early human society. It was an ancient story written centuries ago about two civilizations that battled against each other. â€Å"The Iliad tells the story of the clash of two great civilizations, and the effects of war on both the winners and losers† (Homer 222). In addition to its influence on Greek poetry, the Iliad is a great Homeric epic that has long helped shape critical schools of thought. It is not

Regency Era Customs - 857 Words

Social Customs in the Regency Era The Regency era was a time which depicted prosperity and bona fidelity. Having a sense of propriety was a must in the era of Jane Austen. Social customs in the Regency era was one of the most principal activities when interacting with one another, including body language (Sanborn). These customs were expressed through characters from Jane Austen herself (Ray 236). When socializing it was important to have the proper manners, properly coming out, and becoming a gentleman. Jane Austen expresses the customs of the Regency era through her characters and their attitudes (Kastan). Introducing oneself to another without proper introduction from a mutual acquaintance was frowned upon (Sanborn). An example of†¦show more content†¦Though addressing those of higher status than one was considered proper, it was frowned upon to repeatedly address one in a formal manner (Pool 43). When socializing it was very important to consider who one is speaking to a nd how one is speaking. Once a gentry girl, a young girl of the upper class, turned the age of sixteen she was officially bride material. The year of coming out for a gentry lady was exciting and eye opening. A young lady would make her official debut of coming out at a formal ball which included new and old acquaintances, friends, and family. To prepare for her debut at a coming out ball, the young gentry girl’s parents purchased a new gown, jewelry, and even took a bit longer than usual to do her hair with the latest trends (Ray 114). There are a few signs of a young girl’s coming out and discovering a new perspective on life. Attending many balls and parties, display great amounts of confidence when socializing, and walking with a gentleman were signs of coming out (Ray 116). The young gentry girls were not allowed to call on themselves and the gentlemen were not allowed to pay attention to the younger gentry girls which had not yet come out (Ray 114). Though these young ladies were now seen as mature, they still required a chaperone by their side at social gatherings (Ray 115). Coming out was an exciting newShow MoreRelatedGender Roles . Regency England Is The Time Period In England1544 Words   |  7 PagesGender Roles Regency England is the time period in England from 1811 to 1820 in which neoclassical ideas resurged, creating distinctive trends in architecture, clothes, furniture, literature, and politics, establishing a new style of society. This time period is specifically distinguished as between the â€Å"Georgian Era† and the â€Å"Victorian Era.† Ultimately England’s society as an aeon acclaimed for its fine arts came new economic, social, and political changes. Specifically, females were given newRead MoreJane Austins Pride and Prejudice: A Famous Work of Englands Regency Period 1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Regency Period in England was an extravagant era often associated with prominent social, political, economic, and artistic advancements. It took place in the early 1800’s and was a time of much elegance and aristocracy. Movies and books set in this time period all seem to highlight the elegance and romance that was prevalent at the time. Famous Regency Era literary works, such as Pride and Prejudice, portray young English women getting their happily-ever-after endings with their true loves. UnfortunatelyRead MoreVictorian Influence on Womens Fashions Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesBefore Research Before the Victorian Era, the main focus of fashion was for men. Women’s’ fashion changed some, but the general idea of long skirts, tight bodices, and heavy fabrics stayed consistent. Real changes to style and fashion were not made until about the 1840’s, when Queen Victoria came into power. After her rise to Queen, the fashions began to change dramatically. Pride and Prejudice is a book written in this time, and the fashion is clearly visible. Looking at fashion of the time canRead MoreWomen During The Medieval Era Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesWomen withstood a multitude of limitations in the medieval era. Due to the political, social, and religious restrictions women encountered, historians neglected to realize that they demonstrated agency. The female experience is something that has been overlooked until recently. Unfortunately, without the knowledge of how women found ways to exert their power, we are experiencing a deficit of knowledge in this period. T hrough the close examination of the primary sources: The Gospel of Mary, Dhouda’sRead MoreSocial Classes In Pride And Prejudice And Jane Eyre1605 Words   |  7 PagesPride and Prejudice exemplifies the dominance a male has over a female which is important within the view of social class. It is describing the things a woman should do which is a form of control and domination. This is significant due to within the era and setting this novel was created, this is exactly how women lived their lives; abiding by a male figure which was usually their father or husband. â€Å"Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exerciseRead MoreJane Austen And Charlotte Bronte s Social Class1748 Words   |  7 Pagesword will be but half deserved.† (Pride and Prejuidce, chapter 32) This quote taken from Pride and Prejuidce examplifies the dominance a male has over a female. It is describing the things a woman should do which is a form of control and within the era and setting this novel was created, this is exactly how women lived their lives; obiding by a male figure. â€Å"Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for theirRead MorePride and Prejudice and A Midsummer Nights Dream1851 Words   |  8 PagesElizabeth Bennet since the latter was the object of Darcys affections in the novel. Mr. Darcy, a tall handsome man of noble mien who is earning ten thousand a year and resides at Pemberley, a large estate located at Derbyshire. Scholars of the English Regency believes that Jane Austen based Mr. Darcys fictional estate on the Chatwsworth House, during her stay in Bakewell, a small market town near Chatsworth House. Chatsworth House is the home of the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire, and the building itselfRead MoreA Brief Biography of Lord Byron Essay2200 Words   |  9 Pagespeople than any other intellectual creation of man. In fact, many of the most compelling works of literature come from George Gordon Byron (The sixth Lord Byron) , who is considered on e of the most instrumental Romantic Writers of all time and in his era was incredibly renowned for his dramatic, lyrical, and narrative works. He is famous for writing eight diverse plays, despite the the fact they were not designed for stage, on very speculative and historical subjects. Through his writing style, heRead MoreBrief History of Prostitution3302 Words   |  14 Pagesthe oldest trade in the world; the Europeans admitted to it during the colonial years. In some European societies, prostitution was associated with the notion of hospitality – various women of the house were offered to guests passing through. This custom used to exist in Chaldea, in India, in Egypt and throughout the Orient. Such sexual hospitality sometimes even implied a religious aspect that was organized by the priests of certain gods and from which they benefited. Sacred prostitutes were notRead MoreHotel Industry4982 Words   |  20 Pagesthe creation of the lobby followed shortly thereaf ter. The business of providing strangers with hospitable means has come along way. What once was a service to fellow man is now the foundation numerous economies throughout the world. The modern era of the hotel industry saw its beginnings in 1794 New York where the first ever hotel was built. Profit potential was recognized with the inception of the industrial revolution. Stock companies invested in hotels seeking profit from property value appreciation

Context of Connect-IT-Free-Samples for Students-Free-Samples

Question: Connect-IT on the tax treatment of the payments received from VicInvest for the year ending 30 June 2018, applying legislation and case law to support your answer. Answer: 1.Issue: This question takes into the account whether on receiving the lump sum compensation arising out of the dissolution of contract will be accounted as reckonable taxable income defined in section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997. Legislations: Allied Mills industries Pty ltd v F C of T Californian Oil Products Ltd v F C of T Section 20-20 (2) F C of T v Meeks (1915) Section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 Application: As it has been explained in section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997, receiving of $7,500,000 compensation by Connect-IT will be treated as taxable revenue in relation to the ordinary concepts. As it has been stated in the case of F C of T v Meeks (1915), any type of a compensation that is received by an individual arising out of the business agreements made at the time of carrying on of a commercial activity shall be treated as capital (Barkoczy 2016). In order to understand that the compensation that was received by Connect IT possess the characteristics of income or capital, it is obligatory to define whether the terminated agreement has any form of connotation for the purpose of offering service that constituted the component of profit deriving constituents. As it has been observed from the present scenario of Connect IT, it is presumed that the company may find an alternate client. Additionally, an argument can be put forward in relation to the present state that the termination of agreement with its client might create a substantial impact on the business functions of Connect IT. Henceforth, the receipt of compensation payment would be treated as revenue. However, if the service rendered by its client constituted an important element than compensation that is received might not be treated as capital in nature (Woellner et al. 2016). The verdict of Californian Oil Products Ltd v F C of T has been cited in order to support the point of view where it was found that a five-year agreement was made by the assessee with an overseas oil firm and solely granted them the right of selling the oil products in Australia. However, the international oil company terminated the contract and provided compensation to the Californian oil firm for cessation of agreement (Blakelock and King 2017). The court concluded that the sum received as termination of business contract was capital in nature. In context of Connect-IT, it is assumed that even though it may find an alternate client but the amount that is received represented revenue in nature. With reference to Allied Mills industries Pty ltd v F C of T the receipt of $7,500,000 is viewed as lump sum imbursement for settlement of claims (Robin 2017). Therefore, the sum received by Connect-IT will attract tax liability in the form of recoupment of loss under section 20-20 (2). Conclusion: On arriving at the conclusion, the amount of compensation received by Connect-IT will attract tax liability under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 as taxable revenue in terms of ordinary concept. Reference List: Barkoczy, S., 2016. Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Blakelock, S. and King, P., 2017. Taxation law: The advance of ATO data matching.Proctor, The,37(6), p.18. ROBIN, H., 2017.AUSTRALIAN TAXATION LAW 2017. OXFORD University Press. Woellner, R.H., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016.Australian Taxation Law Select: Legislation and Commentary 2016. Oxford University Press.

Literature Review of Decision Making Outsmart Your Own Biases

Questions: 1.How to minimise bias in decision making? 2.How to make effective decisions? 3.What is the importance of leaders in decision making? 4.How to evaluate the decisions made by managers? Answers: Literature Review of Relevant Articles 1. How to minimise your biases when making decisions by Wolfe, R.F 2016. The article states that the senior managers every day face number of biases which affect their business decisions regularly and hence it becomes important for the managers to focus on developing a strategy to reduce biases from the decision making system. Number of top research scholars and philosophers has brought out behavioral vulnerabilities and issues that affect decision making of the senior managers and executives. From these scholars it has been understood that there are number of biases that creep up in organisational decisions making which is definitely capable of making the decisions negative for the organisations. It is important to note that eliminating personal biases will definitely be crucial and hence it will only be possible when the manager will be well experienced with the different bias issues faced during the decision making process. It is stated in the article that in order to eliminate or reduce the impact of bias by constantly challenging the decisions made b y the managers (Wolfe, 2016). The report also provides significant information about how to combat the constant bias that creeps up within the decision making process. The article suggests analysing and finding out disconfirming evidence which would help to continuously analyse the decisions made by the senior managers and accordingly develop the decisions made. It is also important for the managers to also focus on taking outside advice to reduce the overconfidence related to decision making. It also emphasises on suggesting that the managers will have to be more focused on developing a systematic review of the decisions made and also to focus on understanding its suitability and clarity of the decisions made. It is stated that most of the risks doesnt manifest itself from exogenous contingent event but it is driven by the behavior and decisions of the people which makes it extremely important for the senior managers to be able to constantly assess their decision making skills as well as take advise and insights from the other employees to minimise bias in decision making (Dror, 2009). 2. The decision making process by Lunenburg, F.C., 2010, September. Effective decision making skills are important to be there within a manager. As a manager, if a person is indecisive and fails to understand the criticality of a situation then it would affect the business decision making for an organisation. Effective decision making is not an easy task and it is a quality that comes in with experience and it is important that a manager is able to learn to make decisions. For effective decision making procedure commitment, assessment, values and priorities and personal accountability is extremely important and needs to be reflected. It is extremely important for the manager to develop these behaviors and skills in order to make sure that decisions making process involves the skills and capabilities of the manager which will help to make decisions suitably (Lunenburg, 2010). Good decisions are made through values and priorities involved in the decision making process and hence it is important that managers are focused on improving their decision maki ng skills which would contribute to the decision making procedure. An indecisive thinker will not be a good decision maker and hence it is extremely important for manager to make sure they are not ambivalent and biased which would bring in that aspect of bias in the decision making process. The article suggests the managers to become more focused on understanding situations and also to take advice from the other people most likely the peers and the lower level employees which would help the manager to develop his or her decision making skills. Hence it could be said that to make effective decisions it is important for the managers to be adaptable, committed, and skillful and will have to understand situations well so that the managers are able to learn about the biases which are visible and are able to mitigate their effect on the decision making (De Martino et al., 2006). 3.Pettigrew, A.M., 2014.The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. The present article shows that the organisations are highly political and hence decision making is one of the key aspects that the organisation need to do effectively. Organisational decision making is complex procedure and it is important for the leaders to intervene in the decision making procedure of the organisation. Since decision making is complicated the leaders come into play as they are experienced and are able to invest their experience in the strategic manner to make the right and suitable decision for an organisation. The leaders mostly intervene in the organisational decision making as they are able to assess situations effectively and also make it possible for the organisation to make a viable decision (Pettigrew, 2014). For instance when personal bias comes into play it is always important to seek external advice and this is where the leaders play crucial role. The leaders not only helps in organisational decision making but they also help in making sure the decisions are properly implemented in the operations which definitely helps an organisation to operate effectively. Hence it could be said that leaders are key entities who should be involved in the decision making process in order to make sure their rich experience comes into play while the decisions are made and implemented and hence it is concluded in the article that leaders should be made an integral part of the decision making process (Milkman et al., 2009). 4. Assessment, measurement, and prediction for personnel decisions. Taylor Francis. For a manager it is important to assess the decisions made. The decisions made always indicate the skills and capabilities of the managers with their results and hence it is extremely important for the managers to learn to make effective decisions as well as analyse them effectively in order to gain proper insights to improve their decision making skills. The present article shows the importance of assessment, measurement and prediction of personnel decisions. In this article it is clearly stated that managerial personnel should be upfront about their analysis of a particular situation and also they should be able to analyse the decisions made by them so that they are able to identify the loopholes in the decisions and accordingly they could eliminate these issues (Guion, 2011). As a manager one has to know how to evaluate decisions made by them and as per this article it could be said that the only way to evaluate the decisions is to assess the impact of the decisions made by the ma nagers. The managers could effectively assess their decisions by understanding their impact on the business which could either be negative or positive and hence managers will have to be pretty active to make changes in the decisions made in order to get the best possible result of the decisions made by them (Gigerenzer and Gigerenzer, 2011).